why should jewelry not be worn in the lab

warning: this video deals with corrosive and volatile acids. toxic gases and toxic chemicals. wear gloves when handling them and work outside or in a fume hood. greetings fellow nerds. in a previous video we processed liters of laboratory chemical waste from an organometallic research lab to produce a couple grams of platinum concentrate powder. in this video we're going to try and extract that platinum. first, i need to crush your expectations: the quantities of platinum recovered in this video are not economical to recover at this scale.

if you want platinum, it's cheaper to buy it. this is only economical when working with hundreds of grams of platinum and kilograms of platinum concentrate powder. our objective in this video is to explore the science. i can't believe i still need to keep saying that after all these years. anyway, let's get started. first we get 50ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. i'm using a 31% solution but the exact concentration is not critical. being plus or minus 10% is fine. now we get our 2.4g of platinum concentrate powder that we collected in a previous video.

if you haven't seen it, click here or in the video description. now dump that right in. for quantitative transfer wash out any dust with water. okay now gently boil and stir the mixture for half an hour or so. what we're doing is dissolving any base metals or base metal oxides in the concentrate. now this step is entirely optional since we're going to go through another base metal remove step later on. in fact for such a small quantity of material this isn't worth it but i'm showing you for those cases where you have large quantities of material. if you have kilograms of platinum concentrate powder then shaving off a few tens of percent can greatly save on expensive nitric acid later on.

okay once it's boiled filter it off. the base metal chlorides like zinc, iron and so on will filter out leaving behind the more noble metals like platinum and copper. now we actually dissolve the platinum metal using aqua regia. first, wash the residue into a beaker using concentrated hydrochloric acid. top up the hydrochloric acid to at least 4ml per gram of residue. i actually have a huge excess since i used a lot more hydrochloric acid just washing out the filter. now add in about 1 ml of nitric acid for every 3 ml of hydrochloric acid you have. now gently heat the mixture to about 95 celsius with stirring.

what's happening is the nitric acid and the hydrochloric acid react with platinum to produce hexachloroplatinic acid. the mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid is well known for being able to dissolve many precious metals and is even famous enough to have it's own name, aqua regia. anyway, the reaction also produces various nitrogen oxides and nitrosyl chloride gases so this must be performed outside or in a fume hood. you can see it here as that orange brown haze above the reaction mixture. keep heating and stirring until the orange disappears indicating we've depleted the nitric acid. now turn off the stirring and let it cool. now we filter off the mixture.

the filtrate should contain our platinum as well as any other metals that got dissolved and the residue should contain carbon and any unreacted platinum. platinum is quite resistant to aqua regia as i showed in my previous video on dissolving a platinum bar. so to ensure we go complete dissolution, we're going to leach it out a few more times. wash the residue back into the beaker and again run another treatment of 4ml of hydrochloric acid per gram of platinum and 1ml of nitric acid per gram of platinum. once again boil, wait until no more orange gases are produced and then cool and filter. keep repeating this process until the filtrate color is a constant shade of yellow or the stannous chloride test shows no more metals dissolving.

filter everything and wash down the residue, let it dry on the filter under the air stream. now i preweighed this filter so we could compare it to the weight of the loaded filter later. here it is dried. looks like the difference is 1.8g. but the amount of starting platinum concentrate powder was 2.4g. we only dissolved a total 0.6g and we're not even sure if that was all platinum. i was hoping for more of the powder to dissolve but it's clear there is a lot leftover. this powder is mostly carbon. it didn't burn very fast in the crucible because it was it encased in salt and metal oxides.

i didn't give it enough time to eventually burn away. now to get more yield we should put this back into the crucible and since we've leached out all the salts and most of the metals this chemically cleaned carbon should burn quite easily. unfortunately i don't have enough time to again go through the subsequent boiling and leaching steps so i'll set this aside and add it to my future platinum recovery runs. additionally, we did already leach out most of the metals so what platinum remains inside this carbon is probably minimal. for now i'll go ahead with our existing 0.6g of material even though at this point our interest is purely academic. and here is our filtrate from all those aqua regia treatments. yeah i kinda went overboard.

you should not have this much from your runs. first we need to destroy all the leftover nitric acid. so we set up a distillation apparatus with our filtrate in the boiling flask. yeah i learned my lesson from last time and this distillation apparatus should let us boil the filtrate without polluting the atmosphere. just turn it on and start boiling. what we're doing is decomposing any nitric acid still remaining in the filtrate. these will interfere with our separation and recovery of the platinum later so we need to get them out. as the hydrochloric acid in the filtrate distills, it will attain a yellow color as the nitrogen oxides gases and nitrosyl chloride compounds dissolve in it.

keep boiling until we have just 50ml or less of liquid. we should actually be going down to 10ml but that's hard to tell in this large flask. turn off the heating and let it cool. then add an equal volume of hydrochloric acid and start boiling again to below 50ml for another round. if the nitric acid is fully destroyed then the distillate should be clear. since mine is still yellow in this round i'll have to add more acid and boil again. here we are after a third round of boiling and hydrochloric acid addition. finally the distillate is clear indicating we're not generating any new nitrogen oxides. we now boil down to about 10ml.

and here is our solution of very impure hexachloroplatinic acid. now to remove the base metals by alkaline precipitation. transfer the solution to a beaker. mine is a lot more than 10ml now since i washed out the flask with water. nonetheless we can still proceed forward. for every gram of material that was originally dissolved add in an equal amount of sodium chloride salt. since we dissolved 0.6g of metal we add in 0.6 g of sodium chloride. now gently boil down until dry. don't use too high a heat or you'll decompose the platinum salts.

i set my hot plate to a temperature of one hundred twenty celsius. we're basically driving off the last of the hydrochloric acid. we added sodium chloride so that we formed sodium hexachloroplatinate. this stabilizes the platinum as hexachloroplatinic acid decomposes into platinum chloride at high temperature. platinum chloride is difficult to dissolve again, especially in alkaline solutions, now once it's all dry add in 10ml of water for every half gram of material dissolved. then add in 1g of sodium bicarbonate for every half gram of material dissolved. now gently stir and raise the temperature until it just starts to bubble. sodium bicarbonate is alkaline and reacts with the base metals to form insoluble metal carbonates, oxides and hydroxides.

sodium hexachloroplatinate however is still soluble. now these steps are optional if you're refining platinum that you know doesn't have such metals like jewellery or platinum scrap. since i don't know what sort of other metals are present in this platinum, i'm taking the time to do this step to try and remove most of them. okay after the solution is boiling for a few minutes turn off the heating and let it cool. now filter the mixture. if you have a lot of material it might be more prudent to use a buchner funnel with filter paper rather than a glass frit as glass frits tend to clog easily with particles this fine. anyway, after all the material has gone through, you can wash the precipitate with some water.

just for your knowledge, i took the residue on the filter and dissolved it in hydrochloric acid. this material was what didn't go through. as you can see we had quite a bit of base metals that we successfully separated. anyway here is our filtrate, a solution of sodium hexachloroplatinate with sodium chloride but with most of the other metals removed. now if you're certain you don't have other noble metals like gold, or palladium then you can add a reducing agent right here like hydrazine or sodium metabisulfite to reduce the platinum into metal. i can't do that though because i was told by the lab this platinum contains a few percent of palladium. so i have to separate that first. to separate out the platinum from the palladium

we add in a saturated solution of ammonium chloride, about 2-3ml. now if you have larger quantities and need more precision, you add 0.6g of ammonium chloride for every 1g of platinum you expect to recover. give it a thorough shake and let it settle. the bubbling is from carbon dioxide that forms from the ammonium chloride reacting with the leftover sodium carbonate and bicarbonate dissolved in solution. in our intended reaction, ammonium chlorides reacts with sodium hexachloroplatinate to produce insoluble ammonium hexachloroplatinate. we didn't form ammonium hexachloropalladate because hexachloropalladate is unstable at boiling temperatures and would have been reduced to tetrachloropalladate during our many repeated boilings earlier. we can thus separate the two metals now by filtration. wash the ammonium hexachloroplatinate with a 1% solution of ammonium chloride.

let it dry on the filter under an air stream. you can also wash it with ethanol and diethyl ether to achieve greater purity if desired. now this filtrate has some palladium and tiny amounts of leftover platinum. to improve platinum recovery, add in some ammonium chloride solution and look for precipitation. if there is a lot precipitation then you can filter it again and get better recovery. if there is very little, then it's not worth recovering. you can make your own judgement call as to when to stop. to get a perspective of just how little platinum this actually is let me show you this flask which looks like it has a lot of yellow ammonium hexachloroplatinate coating on the inside.

i'm going to reduce it back to platinum metal with some sodium metabisulfite solution. i'm boiling it a bit to speed up conversion, and now i'm adding some hydrochloric acid to dissolve the precipitated sodium sulfite. wait a minute, where's the platinum? all that yellow ammonium hexachloroplatinate amounted to no visible platinum. let me put it on the white hotplate to show you. ammonium hexachloroplatinate has an intense yellow color that can be misleading as to how much platinum you actually have. so while my filtrate looks like a lot, it's actually practically nothing. nonetheless there is some palladium in here, so i'll add this to my stock of precious metals waste for future recovery. to reduce the volume of material i need to store. i'm going to add some zinc metal and cement out all the remaining metals in solution.

i can then filter the residue and store the metals without the salts currently in solution. i'll show you how to recover palladium once i have enough. so here is our dried ammonium hexachloroplatinate and i've transfered to this vial. this can easily be converted back to platinum by simply heating it above 400 celsius. for small quantities its a good idea to dry the material first on the hotplate by heating it up to 200 celsius and boiling the water off. if you heat it to full temperature too fast the sudden boiling of the water can blow apart the ammonium hexachloroplatinate making you lose it. for large quantities in large containers this is less of problem. anyway, what's happening is the ammonium hexachloroplatinate is decomposing into platinum metal, nitrogen gas, hydrogen chloride and ammonium chloride.

now platinum melts at 1768 celsius so at these temperatures we're not going to make a solid piece of platinum. instead we're producing extremely fine platinum particles commonly called platinum sponge. now i'm doing this in a vial to show you the process. most metal refiners put the ammonium hexachloroplatinate in a melting crucible and use a torch or an induction furnace to apply heat. and there we go, purified platinum from laboratory chemical waste. you can see the porous sponge of platinum. i preweighed this vial and so we see we've only produced 337 mg of platinum metal. at current platinum prices that's about $10. now i know a lot of your are going to complain that this refining process was a waste of money

but the point was to explore the science. all these reactions could easily be scaled up to economical levels with enough platinum waste. i think there is more metal in the leached residue that could be accessed by further incineration, but i didn't have time to recover it. now i wouldn't even need a second incineration if i had performed the first one longer. i stopped early because i saw the nickel crucible oxidizing and i didn't want to contaminate my platinum with too much nickel. once i get a proper porcelain crucible this shouldn't be a problem. although i won't be posting videos on that. nonetheless, for a chemist, this is a useful quantity of platinum. so that's how you recover platinum from laboratory chemical waste and separate out the other base metals and organic residues.

this process assumes you have lots of impurities and don't know what they are. successively removing impurities with each step until we get to platinum. you can skip certain steps and save time and money if for example you're certain you don't have base metals or if you don't have any other precious metals. i hope this video was helpful for you. special thanks to my patrons on patreon for supporting me and making expensive science videos like this possible. now if you would like to join them you can find my patreon page in the video description. i really appreciate any and all support.

perhiasan dan logam mulia

why jewelry turns skin green

what is up guys it is lew here, back with another video and i'm very excited. yah! woo! because it is a fresh episode of does it suck one of my favorite things to do here on unbox therapy i look at an unusual product, generally an inexpensive

product, that proclaims to do something and may or may not do that thing this my friends is a $15 smartwatch 15 not 50, 15 i'm having a feeling this is gonna be a fun one

its got bluetooth built in kind of important for a smart watch

perhiasan dan logam mulia

why jewelry turns skin black

welcome back to another very exciting tutorialhere at the photoshoptrainingchannel.com. my name is jesus ramirez and you can findme on twitter @jrfromptc. in this tutorial, i'm going to show you howto change hair color in photoshop. we're going to be working with this stock photo, and i'mgoing to show you how to change this woman's hair color to black, red, blonde, and green.keep in mind that when doing hair color changes, it's a lot easier to go from light hair colorsto dark. one of the reasons is that lighter hair tends to have more detail, and therefore,you can make more adjustments. going from dark hair to light hair is much more difficult.for example, turning black hair into blonde hair is nearly impossible in a lot of cases.that's because the detail is lost in the shadows

and darkness of the hair, and the color changesoften don't look realistic. but in this tutorial, i will show you what i would do in that situation.it won't be 100% realistic, but, depending on your photo and your goals, this might begood enough. another thing that i want you to keep in mindis that everyone's hair is different. the numerical values for opacity or other adjustmentsthat i use on this photo may not work on your photo. so you will have to experiment andsee what works for you. so pay more attention to the principles and the techniques, anddon't worry too much about the numerical values that i use. also, for some color changes,there might be more than one way to get the same result, which is why in this tutorial,i'll cover three ways of changing hair color—all

non-destructively, of course. so let's getstarted with the tutorial. so the first thing i'm going to do is to clickon the quick selection tool, that way we can make a selection out of her hair, and we canapply the adjustments only to the hair, and nothing else. so let me create the selection.i'm going to click on the layer. i'm simply going to click and drag to select the hair.currently, my selection tool is a little small, so i'm going to increase the size by hittingthe right bracket key on the keyboard, and i'm going to continue selecting the rest ofthe hair, and you don't have to be very precise here. we're going to use the refine edge toadjust the selection and we're, also, going to paint on the selection later on.

so, you don't have to be too exact, but tryto get the larger areas of the hair, and if you make a mistake here, you can hold alt,option on the mac, and, in a way, the selection on her hand, and this looks like a prettygood selection, so i'm just going to work with this. now that i have the selection,i'm going to click on the refine edge button in the options panel. i'm, also, going toclick on smart radius, and i'm going to increase the size just a little bit. also, with therefine edge tool selected, i'm just going to paint these areas here to refine that edge,and any area where there's stray hair sticking out, that way we have a nicer selection. andwhen you're done, you can press ok. now, instead of applying the selection onto this layer, what i'm going to do is create

a new group, then i'm going to apply the layermask to that group. the reason i'm doing this is so that i can stack multiple adjustmentlayers inside of that group, and it will only affect the hair. if i want to make any changesto the mask, i only have to do it on the group and not on each individual adjustment layer.and you're going to see what i mean in a moment. i'm going to create a hue and saturation adjustmentlayer, and i'm just going to make sure that that's in the group, so click and drag onit and drop it in the folder, and you'll know that it's in the group because there's anindentation here to the left of the icon. if they were outside the group, you wouldsee that the icon is closer to the edge. so, click and drag it, put it in the folder andyou'll see that indentation there.

so now with the hue and saturation slider,i can make any adjustment that i want. for example, i can desaturate the image, and myadjustment only take effect in the hair, because it's inside of this group, and this layermask is controlling the hair. now, if we wanted to turn her hair black, we would desaturatethe image, using hue and saturation, but the contrast is not good. we want to make thatdarker, so what i'm going to do is click on the new adjustment layer icon and select curves,just create a curves layer and darken that up. we can drag that down, like so. now, atthis point, you can actually click on the mask, and you can come and make adjustments,paint with black, for example, to hide some of those effects. so, i'm going to click onthe brush tool, and increase the size by clicking

the right bracket key in the keyboard, andjust paint that in. make sure that you have a soft brush, so i don't have a soft brushat the moment; i'm going to click on the soft brush. make sure that hardness is at 0%, andi can continue painting in areas that i need to. now, if i go over to the line, that's okay,i can paint with white, and bring back those adjustments in that area. so that's what youwould do at this point. you would go around and see what areas you need to adjust in orderto better improve the mask. so, as you can see, you can paint with black and white onthe layer mask in the group. and, by the way, when i paint a layer mask, i usually havemy hand on the x key on the keyboard. notice

the colors here. every time i press x, theyflip, so black hides. so i can hide the effect here, press x again, it flips it to white,and white reveals, so i can paint with white to reveal that effect. so that's a littletip there for you when you're painting on layer masks. i know that i can come in and further refinethat layer mask, but this is going to be good for this tutorial, so i'll leave it there.now the hair looks pretty good, but it's a little bit unrealistic in some areas. if idisable this group, you'll see that the hair is not just one solid color, there are differentcolors and tones in different areas of the hair, so i'm going to try and bring that inon to my black hair, to sort of take it one

step further and make it just a little bitmore realistic. so what i'm going to do is i'm just going to disable this group thatwe're working on, have the original layer active, then click in the channels panel,and hold ctrl, that's command on the mac, and click on the rgb thumbnail here, and that'sgoing to create a selection of all the bright pixels in the image, then i can come backinto the layers panel, click on the original layer, and duplicate it by pressing ctrl j,command j on the mac, and, now, we have a layer that only contains the bright pixels. i'm going to enable the group that we areworking on, enable the original layer, i'm going to open this up, click and drag thatlayer on the very top. notice what happened.

we just gave that black hair some extra colorin there, and even though it's a little more realistic, this effect is a little too strong,so i'm going to bring down the opacity, maybe to about 20 or 30%. i'll leave it at 31, ithink that's good, so that's before, and that's after. it's very subtle, but it makes thehair a little more realistic, because you'll start adding just a little bit of color. andi'm going to zoom in just so you could see. that's without color, and that's with color.and, of course, you can adjust the opacity accordingly until you get something that you'rehappy with. i just like adding a little bit of color so that the hair is not completelydesaturated. at this point, you can start making other adjustments, for example, youcan even create another curves adjustment

layer, and simply start working with the highlightsfor example. if you want to bring up these highlights here higher, you can. just bringthis down, and, of course, you can work with the opacity and adjust it accordingly. and, obviously, since we're working with onlyone layer mask, you can come in and hide the effect anywhere you want to, and you'll onlyhave to worry about that one layer mask. i'm going to go ahead and undo that. so, i'm goingto collapse this folder and i'm going to rename it, and i'm going to call this "black hair."now i'm going to create a new group. i'm going to hold alt, option on the mac, click anddrag that layer mask, and duplicate it. so, now, we have the same layer mask in this group,and we can start creating new effects. so

this is how to create black hair. but if youwant to create red hair, well, you can use the hue and saturation, just like we did before,but i want to show you how to do it with the selective color adjustment layer, and i'mgoing to show you several different ways in which you can change the color of the hair,because everybody's hair is different, depending on how you took the photo, the lighting, thetexture. there are so many different variables that,sometimes, hue and saturation might not be enough. sometimes you might want to use selectivecolor, so i'm just giving you different options, so in your image, you can try them all outand see which one works best for you. so, in this case, i'm going to click on this dropdown menu—the colors drop down menu, choose

neutrals, and i can subtract cyan, and that'sgoing to make the hair red. and i can add just a little bit of magenta, and a littlebit of yellow, and we have red hair. so that's before, and that's after. you can, also, comein here and add a curves adjustment layer, and start playing around with the contrast;maybe you want to change the blend mode to luminosity, so that you don't change the color,you just change the luminance values. that's before, and that's after. and, of course,you have the opacity slider to lessen the effect a little bit. so i'm going to collapse this and i'm goingto call this "red hair." and i'm going to do what i did before. i'm going to createanother group. hold alt, option on the mac,

click and drag the layer mask on to the newgroup, and this time we're going to change her hair color to blonde. again, we couldhave used hue and saturation, select the color, but now i'm going to show you a differenttrick. we're going to use the gradient map adjustment layer. and, as you can see, thegradient map applies these colors to the luminance values of the layer that you have selected.for example, the darkest colors here are going to be black, because we have black here. thebrightest colors are going to be white; white is here. this is another way in which youcan make hair black. so if i double click here on the gradient, you bring up the gradienteditor. you can click on this swatch here, and then at the midpoint, i can click anddrag that to the right, and you'll see that

the hair gets darker. if i double click onthis swatch and select red, now her hair is red. obviously, we don't want to do that. what i want to do is i want to show you atrick so we can get started, at least, on making her hair blonde. i am just going tocancel this for now, and what i'm going to do is click on this down pointing arrow, clickon this icon here, and select photographic toning, press ok, and it's going to give youthis list here—different tones that you can apply to your image. now, this one herelooks a lot like blonde hair. this doesn't look perfect, but it looks a lot like it.so, we're going to use that as a starting point. this one, here, if i right click onit, and choose rename gradient, you'll see

that it's called gold number 2, and that'sthe one we're using, gold number 2. so select that, and with the layer active, you can changethe blend mode to screen. now it looks good, but, maybe, not perfect.so, if you're not happy with the results, you can try adjusting the colors by goinginto the properties panel and double click on the gradient map to bring up the gradientmap editor. and i'm going to start adjusting these swatches. these are just the startingpoint, and i know that i don't want white, and i know that i don't want black in here,at all. i'm going to double click on this color here, and the darkest color i want issort of a dark orange, maybe, something like that. the brightest color is fine, and i don'treally need this brown and this light green

color, but i am going to adjust this colorhere, and, maybe, make that a little more yellow; something like this. press ok. andwhat i'm going to do now is i'm going to create a curves adjustment layer and click and dragin the middle here, just to darken up the image just a little bit, maybe, somethinglike that. and, when you're using that gradient map, you may not get the exact color thatyou want, but, you can always add a hue and saturation slider, and, simply, click anddrag the saturation or hue, to maybe, i want this, a little more red, and, maybe, it'stoo saturated, so i can bring down the saturation, and get something like that. at this point, i want to create a new curvesadjustment layer, and i'm just going to darken

it up. this is going to be for the darkestareas of my image, and i'm going to turn the layer mask black, to hide the effect. youcan press ctrl i, command i on the mac, to invert. and i'm just going to paint with whitein certain areas here. i'm, actually, going to bring the opacity down even further, so,maybe, 22%. i don't want these areas to be that bright.i, actually, want these areas to be a little bit darker. these are shadows; this area here.so, that's before, and that's after, and i can always adjust the opacity. what i'm goingto do now is show you how to add non-natural hair colors, so i'm going to create a newgroup. hold alt, option on the mac, click and drag the layer mask on to the new grouphere, and by the way, this is blonde hair,

so i'll rename that "blonde hair," and thisone will be "colorful hair." then, i'm going to create a hue and saturation adjustmentlayer, and i'm going to click on colorize, and, maybe, you want to turn her hair green.now, usually, when i see effects where the hair is an unnatural color, maybe, like greenor blue, or maybe, even pink or something like that, the hair looks unnatural becausethe saturation is bumped way up. so, you have to be careful with the saturation. so i usuallylike to bring the saturation down to zero, and i like to just increase it accordingly,and, maybe, somewhere around 30, and that might still be a little too much. i'm goingto bring it back down to about 24, and i'm just going to switch the blend mode from normalto color, just so i can use the luminance

values of the original image. notice what happened under the normal blendmode. it's a little washed out, but if i just switch it to color, it's got a little morecontrast in it. it makes it look just a bit more realistic, and, actually, at this point,i may want to even bring down the saturation just a tad. it's a little too saturated formy taste, so maybe, something like this. and if you still feel like you need a little morecontrast, you can always go into the curves adjustment layer, and add something like amedium contrast, and then, adjust the opacity accordingly. and, again, i like to bring theopacity to zero, and just add just a tiny bit, something like that. now, when you havethis set up, it's very easy to change the

color. now we can click on the slider underhue, and, maybe, give her blue hair, purple hair, or whatever hair color that we want.at this point, you may want to do that trick i told you about with the black hair, wherewe duplicated the bright pixels in the image. so we can, also, do that for this hair color.so i'm going to press ctrl j, command j on the mac, duplicate that layer—layer 1, clickand drag that all the way up above the color for hair color. make sure that nothing elseis enabled. these three groups are disabled, and that's before, and that's after. if izoom in, you will see that it's not just green. some color in there is very subtle, and ican increase it more so you can see. and i think it just makes it look a little morerealistic. i'll bring it back down because

the opacity was a little high. so, i'm just going to fit to screen here,close this, and that's the green hair. and, as i mentioned before, black to blonde ispretty hard to do in photoshop. sometimes, it can be impossible, depending on your image,but i'm going to show you a few tricks in which you may be able to fool the eye. again,this is not going to be photo realistic, but you might be able to get away with it, dependingon the image that you're working with. so let me bring that image up. okay, so we'regoing to do the black hair to blonde, using this stock photo here. we have this womanwith black hair, and i've already gone ahead and created a layer mask using the same techniquei showed you earlier, just so we can save

a little bit of time. so, as i said before, black hair to blondeis very difficult. if you're going to do it, make sure that the image you're using containsblack hair with detail. if you have big blocks of black hair, it's just going to be too difficult.so, even though this woman has black hair, i can see a lot of details on her hair, andthat's going to give us the best results. again, this is not going to be photo realistic,but i'm going to show you what i'm going to do in this situation. so, i have my empty"blonde hair" folder with the layer mask of the hair. i'm going to press ctrl and thenclick on that layer mask, just so you can see the areas that i'm selecting. and, asyou can see, i wasn't very accurate, which,

like, in the hair, but that's okay, i thinkthis is going to work. and if it doesn't, we'll fix it as we go. so i'm going to pressctrl d, command d to deselect, and i'm going to create a gradient map, and we're goingto use the gradient map we used earlier, this one here, the golden gradient map. and, i'mgoing to select it, change the blend mode to screen, and that's going to do a prettydecent job, but i want a stronger effect. her hair is black and it's really hard toturn it blonde, just with one of these gradient maps, so i'm going to click on the adjustmentlayer, click and drag that over to the new layer icon to duplicate it, and notice theeffect that we get. it, definitely, looks blonde, but we needto work on it a bit, so i'm going to bring

down the opacity to about, maybe, 64% or so.then i'm going to create a new curves adjustment layer, and i'm going to click and drag that,and bring this down to about here. i'm going to click on the adjustment layer layer mask,press ctrl i, command i, to invert, turn that black. and, i'm going to paint with whitein areas where i want blonde hair to show darker—in the areas like here, behind theear and neck, this area here. and i can always bring down the opacity, and, also, i can paintwith black. i'm not so happy with this area here. so what i'm going to do is i'm goingto paint with black, then i'm going to go into the fade command— edit, fade, so ican fade that large brush stroke, so you can see at 0% opacity, it's exactly what we hadbefore. i painted it away, 100% opacity, as

it's completely gone. so, i can slide thisaround until i find a place that i'm happy with, so, maybe, about 52%. and i can keeppainting with white on that curves layer mask, in areas that i want to darken up. and oneof the reasons i'm having problems right now is because my opacity is way too high. soi can bring that way down to, like, 10% and really take my time, and build upon it ifi want to. obviously, i'm not going to take too muchtime in this tutorial, but you kind of get the idea of what i'm trying to do. at thispoint, what i can do is create, yet, another curves adjustment layer and darken that aswell, maybe, something like that. also, press ctrl i, command i, to invert, but this timei'm going to work on some detail. so i'm going

to bring the opacity up a bit more, maybe65% or so, and use the left bracket key on my keyboard to adjust the size of my brushand make that really, really tiny, and i can start adding some detail in certain areas.and i know this is a little too dark, but i'm just going to bring down the opacity,and i'm using a wacom tablet, by the way, so it, definitely, makes it easier if youhave a wacom tablet. you can do with the mouse, it may take you a little more time, and youmay not be as accurate. so i'm sort of giving her a little more detail in her hair becausewe lost some of it by applying those adjustments, so that's before, and that's after, and, ofcourse, that's a little too strong, so, again, go to zero, and start increasing the opacity,and as soon as it starts showing up, you can

sort of release it, maybe around 74% or so.and, actually, you know what? i still think it's too much; maybe, i'll bring that down.so, we'll leave it at 54%. at this point, you may be happy with her hair,or may not. what i would recommend is creating a hue and saturation adjustment layer, andjust use the hue to fine-tune the color. maybe you want more of a golden look, somethinglike that, and you can decrease the saturation. maybe you only want to affect the color, sowe go to color; maybe you want to affect both the color and luminosity, you can just leaveit at normal, that's your choice. i think, in this case, for me, color might be the betterchoice. at this point, i can work in the layer mask. i see some areas that are not beingaffected by my effect, like this area here,

so i'm going to click on the zoom tool, andzoom in to this area here and simply paint with white in this area, and, actually, maybeincrease my brush size a little bit, and decrease it for certain areas. as i said before, it's really harder to dealwith black hair, especially in these areas here, where the hair is very fine. there areseveral things you can do. you can either clone out these stray hairs. so, for example,i can just disable that, create a new layer above the original layer, click on the clonetool, make sure that current and below, or all layers are selected. current and belowwill work fine for this. hold alt, option on the mac, then click on the area that youwant to sample from, and then, start painting

away those stray hairs. they're a little toodifficult to paint in, so you might be better off cloning them out. so i'm going to clickon the layer mask again, press b on my keyboard for my brush tool, then press d on the keyboardfor my default colors, and press x to swap my colors from black and white, and i canpaint away the yellow here that's not working. obviously, i can continue cloning this areaout, but that's something that you may want to do in your image. another thing that you may want to do is,actually, create a new layer on top of everything. with the brush tool selected, you can holdalt, option on the mac, select the color of the hair. in this case, it's yellowish color,and you can come in there and you can paint

in some hair strands. you can follow the strandsthat are already there and just create new ones. obviously, this is going to take yousome time, but this is one of the things you can do for those black strands that are hiddenthere in the background. so i'm going to just double click on the zoom tool here to zoomout, and this is what our effect looks likes. by the way, these stray hairs, the reasoni created them outside of the group is so that they're not affected by the layer maskbecause some of these strands of hair might go outside the main area where the hair is.so, having them inside of the layer mask may hide those, as you can see in this area here.so you want them outside. and if you do have this layer, just select the top layer, holdshift, select the original group, and press

ctrl g, command g on the mac, so you put thosetwo items into a new group, and now you can see the before, and the after. and that's it for this tutorial. i hope thatyou enjoyed it and that you learned something new. if you have any comments or questions,leave them down below. if you enjoyed the tutorial, don't forget to click that “like”button and share this video with a friend. if you haven't already, subscribe to the photoshoptraining channel now. thank you for watching and i'll talk to you again soon.

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why jewelry turns black

(non-copyrighted star wars theme) (film theorists theme) hello internet! welcome to film theory,looking for love in alderaan places. (laser blast and explosion) recently my friends over at screenrant did a video on their top 10 movie theories that change everything. my theories didn't make the cut, apparently. come on guys neo not being the one, ant-man destroying the planet? (sighs)

what do you expect of me? well, today i have one that they can't ignore. get ready, so star wars i can't think ofa single other film franchise that has had the impact that star wars has had onpopular culture. then there were the prequels that took that legacy and flushed it down the toilet faster than you can say jar jar binks.(sighs) actually don't say jar jar binks, it makes everyone squirm but now there'sanother, a new hope, or i guess a new new hope, star warsthe force awakens and with it all the hype and speculation you could ask forand as you loyal theorists know where

there's over analysis to be had follow it we will. that wasn't even closeto yoda. that said and all the excitement around each new trailerrelease, something the internet's noticed with the force awakens is actuallywhat's not in them. between all the nostalgic imagery, the stormtroopers andx-wings, the lightsabers and han solo himself, something or rather someoneimportant seems to have been completely omitted, luke skywalker, the originalprotagonist of the star wars franchise. mark hamill has definitely been cast this movie. his return, along with carrie fisher andharrison ford's, was a huge selling point

for this film early on and yet whenpressed on the subject director jj abrams himself has said that luke'sabsence from the marketing material for the film has been quote no accident andmark hamill himself has said he's keeping a secret that if revealed wouldcost him a ton of money. i don't know about you, but to me itseems like something is clearly a foot. obviously, this has set the internetablaze with wild theories about the fate of thefinal jedi and the plot of the new film but today we're uncovering the truthbefore it airs in theaters. in an effort to save you your hard-earned popcorndollars, i'm going to go out on a limb

and predict what you'll see when themovie finally gets released. the big secret isthis, luke skywalker, our lovable hero and up-and-coming jedi will in episode 7 be seen to have joined thedarkside. seem like a stretch? (scoffs) it's not. let's look at the facts. first,let's start with the lore that exists in the expanded universe. for those of youwho aren't ... umm what are star wars fans called like what's the star wars equivalent ofa trekkie? the warsian? a starwarian? a warfan! uh ... a starwarfan! yea, it's got a vaguecatchiness to it i suppose.

anyway, the expanded universe covers theofficially licensed material of star wars outside of the films, the clone wars,and rebels. in one story from the universe, the comic dark empire, emperorpalpatine's soul is reborn into a clone, yeah seriously, who is successfully ableto bring luke under his control through the seduction of the dark side. now,admittedly lucasfilms said that the expanded universe is no longer canon butthe seed of an idea certainly existed and honestly we've only just begun because when you think about it luke wasalready headed down the road to the dark side in the original trilogy.

i mean what is the dark side? well, it'sthe part of the force that draws from, shock of all shocks, darker emotions. youknow like fear, anger, hatred, aggression, all that good stuff. basically, the emocare bears. it's often described as the quick and easy path and jedi usually hadto train their entire lives to resist the seduction of the dark side going asfar as to live by a list of tenants that they called the jedi code. basically, thecode amounted to things like don't lie, don't murder, don't add bad cgi to your re-releases, etc. they even had a neatlittle mantra that summed up their order. "there is no emotion. there is peace.

there is no ignorance. there is knowledgethere is no passion. there is serenity. there is no chaos. there is harmony. there is no death. there is the force." man, the more you think about it, the more thejedi sound like a cult. even still this code didn't stop several prominent jedifrom falling over to the dark side. the number that did so is countless inthe expanded universe, but there are still numerous examples and stillcanonical material. count dooku left the order to become the sith lord darthtyrannis, obi-wan's master qui-gon jinn is also mentioned to have flirted withthe dark side and often disagreed with the jedi council, jedi knights barrissoffee and pong krell both fell to the

dark side during the events of the clonewars cartoon, and of course the most prominent fallen jedi of all anakin skywalker. during the productionof the prequel trilogy, george lucas himself explained that the star warssaga is quote like poetry it rhymes. qui-gon mirrors obi-wanamidala mirrors leia and the clearest example of all anakin mirrors luke. in the prequels, yodawarned against training anakin from the very beginning because he was too oldand full of emotional attachments but if yoda feared that anakin's training hadstarted too late

at the ripe old age of 10 then luke waseven worse off. he was right around 18 when he begantraining with obi-wan. in fact, when luke first approaches yoda, he also says that luke is too old of coursehe reluctantly gives in knowing that luke is the best hope for the jedi, but stillsounds awfully similar to what he said about the dark side's greatest warrior.let's also remember luke's failure at the cave of evil. one of luke's biggest tests is to confront whatever you mayfind in the cave on dagobah. within it, luke finds the shadow of darth vader,that he seemingly defeats only for

vader's mask to break revealing luke'sface underneath. now, not only did that foreshadow thetwist that vader was luke's father but it also hints that luke's destiny may beto become a vader-like figure. i mean yoda even says it himself! when luke asks what's in the cave yoda replies "only what you take with you."the only thing in there is luke. that shadow vader is inside of him beforeluke has any strong connection with vader. just wait till he finds out that it'shis father and if that wasn't enough, luke's emotions get the better ofhim when he brashly leaves his training with yoda to save his friends in cloud city,a direct parallel to anakin's own

recklessness and not only that but yodastraight up points out that he's making the exact same mistake vader made. "only a fully trained jedi knight withthe force as his ally, will conquer vader and his emperor. if you end your training now, if you choose the quick and easy path, as vaderdid, you will become an agent of evil." an agent of evil. how often do we see yoda wrongthroughout this franchise and yet luke left anyway and everything doesindeed go horribly wrong. he confronts vader and gets his handchopped off, bobba fett steals away han solo,

and everyone else only barely escapes in one piece. it's this moment, this defeat at the endof episode 5, where luke's change starts to happen. look at how is presented in episode 6. he wears black and stands ominously in a position that's visually similar to thatof the emperor and when dealing with jaba, he sounds arrogant, he makes threats,even flat out lies. "nevertheless, i'm taking captain solo and his friends. you can either profit bythis or be destroyed. it's your choice, but i warn you not tounderestimate my power."

that's not the way of the jedi and if welook at the climax of return of the jedi, luke's descent nears its completion andits similarities to vader are at its greatest. the emperor goads luke into striking at him,taunting him, and telling him "to strike me down with all of your hatred and yourjourney towards the dark side will be complete and luke tries it. he actually tries. the only reason hedoesn't murder the emperor in cold blood is vader intervening and blocking theattack. then when vader threatens leia later on, luke gets enraged, tapping into his dark side emotions, andusing them to defeat vader in combat.

he only stops after he cuts off vader's hand revealing the electronicarm underneath and realizing that he is literally becoming his father. palpatine thenurges luke to kill vader and become his new pupil, as anakin once didto dooku, but luke refuses saying that "i am a jedi like my father before me." now you might think that this one littlephrase means that luke is taking a stand and choosing the light but actionsspeak louder than words and none of his actions up to this point have been thatof a true jedi and look specifically at his choice of words.

"i am a jedi like my father before me." his father, yea ... the one who helped destroy the entire jedi order. not exactly the ideal rolemodel in that situation, so despite everything pointing towardsluke giving in and failing as a jedi everyone ends up ok in the final momentsof episode 6. seems kind of like a cop out doesn't it. well it does until you consider one more thing, a more blatant luke is falling to thedark side ending may have been what was originally intended for the film. meetgary kurtz, the producer of the first two,

star wars films with george lucas whoactually helped secure the funding for the first movie. this man is basically the co-creator ofstar wars in everything but title. however, as the series went on lucas andkurt's had a falling out about where star wars should be headed causingkurtz to leave production of return of the jedi. this was a huge blow to the cast andcrew with mark hamill describing the situation in broken family terminology. he said it was like mom and dad gettinga divorce. they were both equally loved

and respected on set, so gary kurtz definitely knows what he'stalking about when star wars is concerned. now believe it or not, kurtz actually went decades withouttalking about his falling out with lucas but in 2010 he finally explained wherethey were originally going with episode 6. now keep in mind that kurtz probablystill has a bit of a chip on his shoulder because of the falling, but hisword on the subject still has a lot of merit. he explained, "we had an outline and georgechanged everything in it. instead of

bittersweet and poignant, he wanted aeuphoric ending where everyone was happy. the original idea was that they wouldrecover the kidnapped han solo in the early part of the story and that hewould die in the middle part of the film in a raid on an imperial base. theinterview clarified the ending stating, "the discussed ending of the film thatkurtz favored presented the rebel forces in tatters, leia grappling with her new duties asqueen, and luke walking off alone like clint eastwood in the spaghetti westerns,as kurtz put it. this ending clearly isn't the one that happened, as kurtz explains it was because the toybusiness began to drive the lucasfilm

empire and lucas wanted a happier ending.that ending sounds very different from what we got, but a bittersweet endingwith luke walking alone into the sunset still doesn't mean he was going to turnhimself to the dark side right? well you should consider one more thing, mark hamill himself liked the idea in anepisode of the show dinner for five kevin smith asked hamil if he thoughtluke skywalker should have fallen to the dark side. "i should have ... i pitched that togeorge, no as an actor that would be more fun to play, i just thought that'sthe way it was going from when we finish 2

- i figured that's what will be thepivotal moment." and you know what the best part of all this is? jj abrams directorof episode 7 was at the table during that episode of dinner for five. markhamill was basically pitching that to jj and honestly i think he'd do it. rememberepisode 7 takes place 30 years after return of the jedi so there's really plenty of time for thedarkness to set in on luke's psyche but here's the biggest thing, lorecharacterization aside, look at the man behind the movie. abrams has a philosophy aboutmovie making that his film should be made

like a mystery box. he did a really interesting ted talkabout it which if you haven't seen you should totally watch. "it goes on and on and look likestar wars, you got the droids and then you get the mysterious woman, who's that? we don'tknow, mystery box you know when you meet luke skywalker. he gets the droid, you seethe holographic image, you learn all it's a message, you know, she wants to you knowfind obi-wan kenobi, he's her only hope but who the hell goes on kenobi mysterybox so you go and he meets ben kenobi, ben kenobi's all is obi-wan kenobi, holyshit you know, so it keeps it something ...

have you guys not seen that?" basically,the gist of it is that he thinks film should be a surprise. you shouldn't know spoilers going in andtwists should be hidden until the release. an excellent example of this was hiswork with star trek into darkness. everyone involved with productioninsisted that benedict cumberbatch wasn't playing khan, going so far as tocreate fake leaks, have actors like karl urban and accidentally reveal thatcumberbatch was playing a different villain, and film fake scenes with adifferent name for pre-release materials. if there is anyone anyone who wouldappreciate this sort of twist, the idea

that the hero we followed for threefilms has suddenly turned to the dark side, it's jj, i helped create lost, abramsbut he's learned his lesson from into darkness and has sealed this twist socompletely in his mystery box that he isn't even giving us a glimpse of lukebefore the film hits the silver screen. he doesn't even want to run the risk ofany clues getting out so that way luke's tragic fall shocks the world on december18 as yoda himself says "once you start down the dark path ... forever will it dominate your destiny." luke started down that path in themovies and abrams is the type of

director who would take that idea andrun with it. is luke a fallen jedi in the force awakens? yes, i think so, but hey that's just atheory ... a film theory ... at least until december 18, by the way while you're hereconsider subscribing because we have more star wars theories up our sleevein anticipation of the new movie. all aboard the hype train, whoo whoo, andseriously i joked about it before but do take a minute to check out my friendsover at screen rant and their video on the top 10 film theories that changeeverything.

there's some fun ones in there and noneare ones that we've actually covered so click right here and go check it out then let me know which one you want tosee me cover in a future episode. i'll be watching taking note and then adding itto my list of ones to cover in 2016 and finally if you don't care about any ofthat other stuff one last vote light side or dark sideeasy as that jedi master or sith lord click on one to choose we'll see whichside ultimately wins ...

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why jewelry tarnishes

this is my pandora bracelet.it is suppose to be silver but its seems to be turning.it was my intention to take it to a jeweler to see if they could clean it for me.but what i am going to do is do a test and put it in some baking soda and see what happens.see if i could get it clean make it look decent see how its looking?and get it back to looking brand new. i am going to add some baking soda to it and leave it for a few hours. the reason why i decided to try this is because i normally clean my cutlery that has rust on it using the baking soda. so it just dawned on me why don't you just try this tip to see if you could get your pandora bracelet clean. so i will leave it for a little while andsee if this will work.

i am going for my little walk and take a swim and when i come back, i will see if there is any difference okay i threw out the excess water and decided just to make a paste with the baking soda. just baking soda and a pinch of water so i have like a paste and the paste is looking a bit black already so that means that the blackness from my pandora braceletis removing and transferring to the baking soda. i am already seeing a difference. i will leave it for a little while longerand see what happens. okay about 2-3 hours has passed and i am seeinga difference already. this looks shiny this particular charm wasvery black. so i am going to wash it out now. see how it's looking? very shiny already. soi am going to wash it out and put it to dry.

this is enough for the day. wow! that is beautiful! why didn't i thinkabout this before? it is so much cleaner! wow! baking soda is the boss man! now it backto brand new - nice and shiny! i didn't have to spend a cent!

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why jewelry is the best gift

(sleigh bells) - psst! lilly! - yeah? did you just have a seizure? - no, no! shh, shh! i am doing sign language. - you want me to watch you give birth? - no, dumb girl! i am saying, "what christmaspresent i should buy your mom?"

- how does that mean what you just did? - hello! "what present i should get mom?" - i dunno. what about like, perfume? - bleh. - okay, jewelry. - meh. - ooh, what about a nice purse? - nah. - okay, a ferrari! whatdo you want from me?

- be serious, okay? i want to give mommysomething really nice. you know, i was reading article on google and they say if somebodyalready have everything and you don't know what to get them, you improve something they already have. - hmm. improve something. - yeah! but everythingshe have already perfect! - hmm.

- you know what i mean? (burps) whew. was samosas! - hmm. well, maybe noteverything is perfect. - what are you thinking? - i got it. hold on. hey, yo. do you think youcan come over for a bit? i need your help. - really? you ordering pizza?

okay, tell them well done, okay? - nope. you are getting a makeover. - huh? (doorbell rings) (battle music) - no, no thank you. i don't need makeover. i am very handsome guy. people thinking i lookjust like johnny depp. look at my selfie.

- wait, wait, wait. i got a better idea. (whispering) all right, ingrid, i needyou to work your magic. go through everything i own and create the perfect d.i.y. outfit for my dad. i know if anyone cando it, girl, it's you. - all right, pops! timefor your new outfit! - huh? what's wrong with this, huh? this brand-new gray shirt!

(sighs) what size is this? - um, your size. - no, no. sometimes my muscle ripsright through i'm putting on. - uh, cool. - thank you. - cool. very cool. you like the gym?

- that's right. the gym like me! - oh! - you know what i mean? that's right! - okay, that's it! you're all set! - oh, i understand! youdress me like a firefighter! the sexy guy! that's right! - no, a pirate! - pirate? oh, i understand! like titanic!

- no! pirates of the caribbean! - huh? caribbean? but i am from india! - okay, pirate from india. - pirate from india!captain jack deep sparrow! - good job, muffin. now that he's dressed like johnny depp, i think he should actuallylook like johnny depp. - candy, work your magic, girl.

(laughs) - candy? no candy for me, please! i am diabetic. (sneezes) (pirates of the caribbean-esque music) hello. - damn, candy! damn! high five! high five! (all three cheering)

- my mom is going to love this gift. - hello there, pretty thing. - huh? huh?! - it's me, manjeet. - manjeet?! what the bloody hell are you doing? - i'm a pirate, babe. - like titanic? - what? no, no, no, no!

from pirate of the caribbean, eh? - but you from india. - okay, pirate of india! same thing! - why you dressed like this, huh? - because it's christmas, love. and i thought i'd give yousomething a little special. - what, what? oh, manjeet! manjeet! no, manjeet. i don't want this.

(record scratch) i don't want you thinking youhave to change for me, okay? i love you the way you are.i love you for manjeet. manjeet is bloody perfectthe way he is, okay? - i love you so much. you know, you make me feel so happy. - and i don't want him change ever. - really, baby? - no, pfft! i'm just kidding!

this is the bloody best present ever! come over here, johnny! - you bloody mean, okay? you, me, no, no! okay, if you don't likemanjeet for manjeet, manjeet no sleeping with you! okay? - johnny! johnny! - but captain jack deepsparrow, on the other hand... - thanks so much for watching!

i hope you enjoyed that video! thank you so much to ingrid and to candy for making this video! - group hug! - and if you don't know who these gorgeous women are, why, why? all of their links are in the description. check out their channelsbecause they are awesome sauce! if you liked this video,give it a big thumbs up!

make sure you comment below! if you wanna check out mylast video, it is over there. my vlogs are over there.and make sure you subscribe! because i make new videosevery monday and thursday. y'all wanna try my outtro?see if you can do it? - yeah. - okay, here we go. one love. superwoman! here it comes. you got it?

- what? wait, what? - that is a wrap! and, zoop! girl's night! girl's night! girl's night!

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why jewelry is important

these books are all about this ring. how it'sfound and [spoiler alert] how it's destroyed. while tolkien built the largest and most consistentfictional universe he sure didn't mind being vague at times -- so if you finished the storyand then thought: wait, what can this ring do and where did it come from? this is yourvideo. first thing first: the one ring is not theonly ring -- it's lord of the ring*s*, after all -- and that lord is sauron. long before this story starts, sauron disguisedhimself and came to the elves to work with their master craftsman celebrimbor to forgethe rings of power. together they made 16 -- called the lesser rings, then celebrimbortook sauron's formula and made three on his

own that turned out more powerful than theoriginal 16. why make rings based on the suggestion ofa stranger whose resume has a millennia-long gap? because he promised the rings would fixthe elves biggest problem: this world is winding down. the amount of big and awesome and magicdecreases as a function of time here. for elves, magic *immortal* creatures, thisis bad news. sauron said the rings would preserve what their wearers cared about most. that'swhy the elven kingdoms are so fantastical compared to the rest of the world -- theirrings have preserved them unlike the famous poem implies, the elvesmade all the rings for themselves intending exactly 0 to get into the hands of men ordwarves, whom the elves think are stinky -- so

obviously something went wrong. which bringsus back to the one ring to rule them all. sauron's chief ability's is to dominate theminds of others -- that's partly why he's able to control such large armies -- and hesecretly made the the one ring as a kind of lens to focus this power -- his formula forring construction, unknown to celebrimbor, also made the wearers of the nineteen ringsmore vulnerable. basically: the one ring buffs his psy attackand the other rings debuf psy defense. plan a was to control a bunch of high-levelelves. but when he put the one ring on, the elves' base-level stats allowed them to resistand take off their rings just in time. sauron captured celebrimbor and tortured himuntil he gave up the 16 lesser rings -- but

he died before revealing who was protectingthe three most powerful ones. so sauron now had 16 mind-controlling ringsand had to turn to plan b: dwarves. sauron manipulated sevens rings into the handsof the dwarven kings but that didn't work well either -- dwarves are a kind of clockworkcreature sauron found impossible to control. but the rings weren't super helpful for dwarveseither who loved treasure above all else so the rings grew their hordes large enough toattract dragons who ate the dwarves and their precious rings. finally, in the hands of men, ever the corruptiblespecies, the rings worked as expected: sauron controlled their minds. and, as mortals, theyvalued their lives the most, which the rings

stretched for 1,000s of years. stretched sothin the men turn into invisible wraiths. anyway, these domination plans don't go unnoticed,there�s a big war -- sauron is defeated and fades and the one ring is lost. but the one ring is tricksy. it has a mindof its own and wants to get back to sauron, which brings us back to its powers: first: the ring tempts everyone (well, almosteveryone) with promises that, yes this little ring can be a mighty weapon or a tool to reshapethe world, and gosh, don't you just look like the best guy to use it? let's go vanquishthe powerful-demigod who lives over there to get started, shall we. hmmm?

this is why the hobbits made great ring bearers:because they're pretty happy with the way things are and don't aspire to greatness.of course, there's gollum who started out as a hobbit, but all things considered heheld out pretty well for a couple hundred years. set the ring on the desk of most menand they wouldn't be able to finish their coffee before heading to mordor to rule theworld and do it right this time. it's worth considering that the one ring'spromises are just lies -- that no one could *really* overthrow sauron with it -- the ringonly wants to trick its wearer to get found which brings us to... invisibility.

which outside the minds of characters, isthe only, tangible power the ring displays for everyone else -- invisibility seems great-- but while you're hiding from that troll you shine like a beacon in the unseen world.where the, also invisible ring wraiths, can easily spot you. in summary: the one ringa) turns you invisible in the most unhelpful mannerb) is probably filled with lies, because c) it's part of sauron and works for him. he's so connected to it, that its destructionends him for good. but the formula also intertwines

the one ring with all the rest. and so whenit fails, so do they. this is why the elves are *so somber*. victoryover sauron also means that the rings won't preserve their kingdoms anymore -- and allwill diminish. these books are the end of the age of magic and the beginning of theage of men. (link to lotr wallpapers at the end)hello internet, if you like lotr and this artwork, i�ve made a wallpaper pack of everypiece of art available over at patreon. they�re all available in 4k so you can use them onanything from a huge screen all the way down to your iphone. click here to go check themout.

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